ROSE/kernel.c

#include <stdint.h>

#include "dosfs/dosfs.h"
#include "print.h"
#include "interrupt.h"
#include "kbd.h"
#include "tss.h"
#include "paging.h"
#include "v86defs.h"
#include "tests.h"

typedef unsigned short word;

char check_apic() {
    uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
    asm("cpuid" : "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx), "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx) : "a"(1));
    return (edx & (1 << 9)) != 0;
}
char check_sse() {
    uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
    asm("cpuid" : "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx), "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx) : "a"(1));
    return (edx & (1 << 25)) != 0;
}

void enable_sse() {
    asm volatile(
        "mov %%cr0, %%eax\n"
        "and $0xFFFB, %%ax\n"
        "or $0x2, %%ax\n"
        "mov %%eax, %%cr0\n"
        "mov %%cr4, %%eax\n"
        "or $0x600, %%ax\n"
        "mov %%eax, %%cr4\n"
        : : : "%eax"
    );
}

uint32_t get_flags() {
    uint32_t flags;
    asm volatile("pushfd\npop %%eax":"=a"(flags));
    return flags;
}
uint32_t get_cr0() {
    uint32_t reg;
    asm volatile("mov %%cr0, %%eax":"=a"(reg));
    return reg;
}
uint32_t get_cr3() {
    uint32_t reg;
    asm volatile("mov %%cr3, %%eax":"=a"(reg));
    return reg;
}
uint32_t get_cr4() {
    uint32_t reg;
    asm volatile("mov %%cr4, %%eax":"=a"(reg));
    return reg;
}

extern char _loadusercode, _usercode, _eusercode;
void LoadUser() {
    // Put Usermode code in proper place based on linker
    char *s = &_loadusercode;
    char *d = &_usercode;
    while (d < &_eusercode)
        *d++ = *s++;
}

extern char _edata, _v86code, _ev86code, _bstart, _bend;
void setup_binary() {
    // Put V86 code in proper place based on linker
    char *s = &_edata;
    char *d = &_v86code;
    while (d < &_ev86code)
        *d++ = *s++;

    LoadUser();

    // Clear BSS area
    for (d = &_bstart; d < &_bend; d++)
        *d = 0;
}

uint16_t error_screen[80*50]; // 50-line VGA screen of error content

extern uint16_t *ivt;
uint16_t ivt_bkup[0x200];
uint8_t bios_bkup[0x40000];
void backup_ivtbios() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 0x200; i++)
        ivt_bkup[i] = ivt[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < 0x40000; i++)
        bios_bkup[i] = ((uint8_t*)0xC0000)[i];
}

// This should only be used during fault handling, as it is expensive
void ensure_v86env() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 0x200; i++)
        ivt[i] = ivt_bkup[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < 0x40000; i++)
        ((uint8_t*)0xC0000)[i] = bios_bkup[i];
    char *s = &_edata;
    char *d = &_v86code;
    while (d < &_ev86code)
        *d++ = *s++;
    for (int i = 0; i < 80*50; i++)
        if (!(error_screen[i] & 0xFF00))
            error_screen[i] = 0x0f00 | (error_screen[i] & 0x00FF);
}

void error_environment() {
    ensure_v86env();
    union V86Regs_t regs;
    FARPTR v86_entry = i386LinearToFp(v86TextMode);
    enter_v86(0x8000, 0xFF00, FP_SEG(v86_entry), FP_OFF(v86_entry), &regs);
    printStr("Oh noes!!! System error! ;c    Press E for a fun recovery :3", &error_screen[80]);
    uint16_t *vga_text = ((uint16_t*)0xB8000);
    for (int i = 0; i < 80*50; i++)
        vga_text[i] = error_screen[i];
    while ((get_scancode() & 0xff) != KEY_E);
    v86_entry = i386LinearToFp(v86TransFlag);
    enter_v86(0x8000, 0xFF00, FP_SEG(v86_entry), FP_OFF(v86_entry), &regs);
}

/*
Real Mode Accessible (First MB)
 00000 -  00400 IVT (1kB)
 00400 -  01000 Unused (3kB)
 01000 -  04000 Free (12kB)
 04000 -  07C00 V86 Code (15kB)
 07C00 -  08000 Boot & V86 Code (512B)
 08000 -  20000 V86 Code (96kB)
 20000 -  30000 Disk Buffer (64kB)
 30000 -  80000 Free (320kB)
 80000 -  90000 Real Mode Stack (64kB)
 90000 -  A0000 Free (64kB)
 A0000 -  C0000 VGA (128kB)
 C0000 -  FFFFF BIOS Area (256kB)
Protected Only (1MB+)
100000 - 200000 Kernel Code (1mB)
200000 - 200080 TSS (128B)
200080 - 202080 TSS IOMAP (8kB)
202080 - 300000 Free (~1mB)
300000 - 310000 Task Stack (64kB)
310000 - 320000 Interrupt Stack (64kB)
320000 - 400000 Kernel Stack (896kB)
400000 - 700000 Usermode Code (3mB)
700000 - 800000 Usermode Stack (1mB)
*/

void SetVideo25Lines() {
    union V86Regs_t regs;
    regs.w.ax = 0x1114; // 80x25 mode
    regs.w.bx = 0x0000;
    FARPTR v86_entry = i386LinearToFp(v86VideoInt);
    enter_v86(0x8000, 0xFF00, FP_SEG(v86_entry), FP_OFF(v86_entry), &regs);
}
void SetVideo50Lines() {
    union V86Regs_t regs;
    regs.w.ax = 0x1112; // 80x50 mode
    regs.w.bx = 0x0000;
    FARPTR v86_entry = i386LinearToFp(v86VideoInt);
    enter_v86(0x8000, 0xFF00, FP_SEG(v86_entry), FP_OFF(v86_entry), &regs);
}
void SetCursorDisabled() {
    union V86Regs_t regs;
    regs.w.ax = 0x0100; // set cursor
    regs.w.cx = 0x3F00; // disabled
    FARPTR v86_entry = i386LinearToFp(v86VideoInt);
    enter_v86(0x8000, 0xFF00, FP_SEG(v86_entry), FP_OFF(v86_entry), &regs);
}

void DrawScreen() {
    uint16_t *vga_text = (uint16_t *)0xB8000;
    // clear screen
    for (int i = 0; i < 80*25; i++)
        vga_text[i] = 0x1f00;
    // draw border
    for (int c = 1; c < 79; c++) {
        vga_text[c] = 0x1fc4; // top line
        vga_text[(2*80)+c] = 0x1fc4; // 3rd line
        vga_text[(24*80)+c] = 0x1fc4; // bottom line
    }
    for (int l = 1; l < 24; l++) {
        vga_text[80*l] = 0x1fb3;
        vga_text[(80*l)+79] = 0x1fb3;
    }
    vga_text[0] = 0x1fda;
    vga_text[79] = 0x1fbf;
    vga_text[2*80] = 0x1fc3;
    vga_text[2*80+79] = 0x1fb4;
    vga_text[24*80] = 0x1fc0;
    vga_text[24*80+79] = 0x1fd9;
    // name
    vga_text[80+34] = 0x1f00 | '-';
    vga_text[80+35] = 0x1f00 | ' ';
    vga_text[80+36] = 0x1f00 | 'L';
    vga_text[80+37] = 0x1f00 | 'u';
    vga_text[80+38] = 0x1f00 | 'c';
    vga_text[80+39] = 0x1f00 | 'i';
    vga_text[80+40] = 0x1f00 | 'a';
    vga_text[80+41] = 0x1f00 | 'O';
    vga_text[80+42] = 0x1f00 | 'S';
    vga_text[80+43] = 0x1f00 | ' ';
    vga_text[80+44] = 0x1f00 | '-';
}

uint32_t OpenVol(VOLINFO *vi) {
    uint8_t *diskReadBuf = (uint8_t *)0x20000;
    uint8_t pactive, ptype;
    uint32_t pstart, psize;
    pstart = DFS_GetPtnStart(0, diskReadBuf, 0, &pactive, &ptype, &psize);
    return DFS_GetVolInfo(0, diskReadBuf, pstart, vi);
}
uint32_t OpenDir(uint8_t *path, VOLINFO *vi, DIRINFO *di) {
    uint8_t *diskReadBuf = (uint8_t *)0x20000;
    di->scratch = diskReadBuf;
    return DFS_OpenDir(vi, path, di);
}
int32_t fileCount;
DIRENT *entries = (DIRENT*)0x400000;
void GetFileList(VOLINFO *vi, DIRINFO *di) {
    uint8_t *diskReadBuf = (uint8_t *)0x20000;
    DIRENT de;
    fileCount = 0;
    while (!DFS_GetNext(vi, di, &de)) {
        if (de.name[0]) {
            uint8_t *d = (uint8_t*)&entries[fileCount];
            uint8_t *s = (uint8_t*)&de;
            for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(DIRENT); i++)
                d[i] = s[i];
            fileCount++;
        }
    }
}
uint16_t *nextLine(uint16_t *p) {
    uintptr_t v = (uintptr_t)p;
    return (uint16_t *)(v + (160 - ((v - 0xb8000) % 160)));
}
void PrintFileList() {
    uint16_t *vga_text = &((uint16_t *)0xb8000)[80*6+3];
    for (int i = 0; i < fileCount; i++) {
        DIRENT *de = &entries[i];
        for (int i = 0; i < 11 && de->name[i]; i++) {
            if (i == 8) { *(uint8_t*)vga_text = ' '; vga_text++; } // space for 8.3
            *(uint8_t *)vga_text = de->name[i];
            vga_text++;
        }
        vga_text += printStr("  ", vga_text);
        vga_text += printDec((uint32_t)de->filesize_0 +
                ((uint32_t)de->filesize_1 << 8) +
                ((uint32_t)de->filesize_2 << 16) +
                ((uint32_t)de->filesize_3 << 24), vga_text);
        *(uint8_t*)vga_text++ = 'B';
        vga_text = nextLine(vga_text) + 3;
    }
}
void HexViewTest(uint8_t *path, VOLINFO *vi) {
    uint32_t err;
    uint16_t *vga_text = (uint16_t *)0xb8000;
    uint8_t *scratch = (uint8_t *)0x20000;
    FILEINFO fi;
    err = DFS_OpenFile(vi, path, DFS_READ, scratch, &fi);
    if (err) {
        vga_text += printStr("Open Error: ", vga_text);
        printDword(err, vga_text);
        return;
    }
    uint32_t successcount;
    uint32_t readOffset = 0, lastReadOffset = -1;
    char cont = 1;
    uint32_t byteCount = 16*24, lastByteCount;
    uint32_t screenSize = 80*25;
    char reread;
    for (;cont;) {
        uint8_t diskReadBuf[byteCount];
        if (readOffset != lastReadOffset) {
            lastReadOffset = readOffset;
            reread = 1;
        }
        if (byteCount != lastByteCount) {
            lastByteCount = byteCount;
            reread = 1;
        }
        if (reread) {
            vga_text = (uint16_t *)0xb8000;
            for (int i = 0; i < screenSize; i++)
                vga_text[i] = 0x0f00;
            vga_text += printStr((char*)path, vga_text);
            {
                const char prnt[] = "Scroll: Up/Down PgUp/PgDown Home/End             Exit: E ";
                vga_text = &((uint16_t*)0xb8000)[80-sizeof(prnt)];
                vga_text += printStr((char*)prnt, vga_text);
            }
            vga_text = &((uint16_t*)0xb8000)[80];
            DFS_Seek(&fi, readOffset, scratch);
            if (fi.pointer != readOffset) {
                vga_text += printStr("Seek Error", vga_text);
                return;
            }
            err = DFS_ReadFile(&fi, scratch, diskReadBuf, &successcount, byteCount);
            if (err && err != DFS_EOF) {
                vga_text += printStr("Read Error: ", vga_text);
                printDword(err, vga_text);
                return;
            }
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < successcount && i < byteCount; i += 16) {
                vga_text += printDword(i + readOffset, vga_text);
                vga_text += printChar(' ', vga_text);
                vga_text += printChar(' ', vga_text);
                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
                    if (i + j < successcount)
                        vga_text += printByte(diskReadBuf[i + j], vga_text);
                    else {
                        vga_text += printChar(' ', vga_text);
                        vga_text += printChar(' ', vga_text);
                    }
                    vga_text += printChar(' ', vga_text);
                    if (j == 7)
                        vga_text += printChar(' ', vga_text);
                }
                vga_text += printChar(' ', vga_text);
                vga_text += printChar('|', vga_text);
                for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
                    if (i + j < successcount)
                        vga_text += printChar(diskReadBuf[i + j], vga_text);
                    else vga_text += printChar(' ', vga_text);
                }
                vga_text += printChar('|', vga_text);
                vga_text = nextLine(vga_text);
            }
            reread = 0;
        }
        uint16_t key = get_scancode();
        union V86Regs_t regs;
        FARPTR v86_entry;
        switch (key & 0xff) {
            case KEY_DOWN: // down
                if ((readOffset + byteCount) < fi.filelen)
                    readOffset += byteCount;
                else goto end;
                break;
            case KEY_UP: // up
                if ((readOffset - byteCount) < fi.filelen)
                    readOffset -= byteCount;
                else goto home;
                break;
            case KEY_PGDOWN:
                if ((readOffset + (byteCount*4)) < fi.filelen)
                    readOffset += (byteCount*4);
                else goto end;
                break;
            case KEY_PGUP:
                if ((readOffset - (byteCount*4)) < fi.filelen)
                    readOffset -= (byteCount*4);
                else goto home;
                break;
            case KEY_HOME: home:
                readOffset = 0;
                break;
            case KEY_END: end:
                if ((fi.filelen / byteCount) * byteCount > readOffset)
                    readOffset = (fi.filelen / byteCount) * byteCount;
                break;
            case KEY_E: // e
                cont = 0;
                break;
            case KEY_F2:
                if (byteCount != 16*24) {
                    SetVideo25Lines();
                    SetCursorDisabled();
                    screenSize = 80*25;
                    byteCount = 16*24;
                }
                break;
            case KEY_F5:
                if (byteCount != 16*49) {
                    SetVideo50Lines();
                    SetCursorDisabled();
                    screenSize = 80*50;
                    byteCount = 16*49;
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}
void TextViewTest(uint8_t *path, VOLINFO *vi) {
    uint16_t *vga_text = (uint16_t *)0xb8000;
    uint32_t fileLen;
    uint8_t *diskReadBuf = (uint8_t *)0x500000;
    {
        uint32_t err;
        uint8_t *scratch = (uint8_t *)0x20000;
        FILEINFO fi;
        err = DFS_OpenFile(vi, path, DFS_READ, scratch, &fi);
        if (err) {
            vga_text += printStr("Open Error: ", vga_text);
            printDword(err, vga_text);
            return;
        }
        // file too large
        if (fi.filelen > 0x300000) {
            vga_text += printStr("File too large.", vga_text);
            kbd_wait();
            return;
        }
        DFS_Seek(&fi, 0, scratch);
        if (fi.pointer != 0) {
            vga_text += printStr("Seek Error", vga_text);
            return;
        }
        err = DFS_ReadFile(&fi, scratch, diskReadBuf, &fileLen, fi.filelen);
        if (err && err != DFS_EOF) {
            vga_text += printStr("Read Error: ", vga_text);
            printDword(err, vga_text);
            return;
        }
    }
    uint32_t *lineOffsets = (uint32_t *)0x400000;
    uint32_t lastLine;
    {
        char nl;
        uint8_t c = 0x0A; // start with a pretend newline
        uint32_t line = -1; // start a pretend line behind
        for (int32_t o = -1; o < (int32_t)fileLen; c = diskReadBuf[++o]) {
            // newline
            if (c == 0x0A) {
                lineOffsets[++line] = o;
            }
            // file too large
            if ((uintptr_t)&lineOffsets[line] >= 0x4FFFFC) {
                vga_text += printStr("File too large.", vga_text);
                kbd_wait();
                return;
            }
        }
        lastLine = line;
    }
    uint32_t currLine = 0;
    char cont = 1;
    uint32_t screenSize = 80*25;
    char redraw = 1;
    uint32_t linesOnScreen = 0;
    for (;cont;) {
        if (redraw) {
            vga_text = (uint16_t *)0xb8000;
            for (int i = 0; i < screenSize; i++)
                vga_text[i] = 0x0f00;
            vga_text += printStr((char*)path, vga_text);
            vga_text += 2;
            vga_text += printStr("Line: ", vga_text);
            vga_text += printDec(currLine, vga_text);
            vga_text += printChar('/', vga_text);
            vga_text += printDec(lastLine, vga_text);
            vga_text += printStr(" Scroll: Up/Down PgUp/PgDown Home/End", vga_text);
            {
                const char prnt[] = "Exit: E ";
                vga_text = &((uint16_t*)0xb8000)[80-sizeof(prnt)];
                vga_text += printStr((char*)prnt, vga_text);
            }
            for (vga_text = &((uint16_t*)0xb8000)[84]; vga_text < &((uint16_t*)0xb8000)[screenSize]; vga_text += 80)
                *(uint8_t*)vga_text = '|';
            vga_text = &((uint16_t*)0xb8000)[0];
            uint32_t lineOff = 6;
            uint8_t c = 0x0A; // start with a pretend newline
            uint32_t line = currLine - 1; // start a pretend line behind
            int32_t o = lineOffsets[currLine]; // the real or fake newline on previous line
            linesOnScreen = screenSize/80;
            for (; o < (int32_t)fileLen && vga_text < &((uint16_t*)0xb8000)[screenSize]; c = diskReadBuf[++o]) {
                // newline
                if (c == 0x0A) {
                    vga_text = nextLine(vga_text);
                    line++;
                    {
                        uint16_t *vga_tmp = vga_text;
                        uint16_t decTmp[11];
                        char cnt = printDec(line, decTmp);
                        char off = cnt <= 4 ? 0 : cnt - 4;
                        vga_tmp += 4 - (cnt - off);
                        for (int i = off; i < cnt; i++, vga_tmp++)
                            *(uint8_t*)vga_tmp = (uint8_t)decTmp[i];
                    }
                    vga_text += 6;
                    lineOff = 6;
                    continue;
                } 
                *(uint8_t*)vga_text = c;
                vga_text++;
                lineOff++;
                if (lineOff == 80) { // last char
                    vga_text += 6;
                    lineOff = 6;
                    linesOnScreen--;
                }
            }
            redraw = 0;
        }
        uint16_t key = get_scancode();
        union V86Regs_t regs;
        FARPTR v86_entry;
        switch (key & 0xff) {
            case KEY_DOWN: // down
                if (currLine < lastLine && lineOffsets[currLine+1] < fileLen) {
                    currLine++;
                    redraw = 1;
                }
                break;
            case KEY_UP: // up
                if ((currLine > 0 && lineOffsets[currLine-1] < fileLen) || currLine == 1) {
                    currLine--;
                    redraw = 1;
                }
                break;
            case KEY_PGDOWN:
                if (currLine+(linesOnScreen/2) <= lastLine && lineOffsets[currLine+(linesOnScreen/2)] < fileLen) {
                    currLine += (linesOnScreen/2);
                    redraw = 1;
                } else goto end;
                break;
            case KEY_PGUP:
                if (currLine > (linesOnScreen/2) && lineOffsets[currLine-(linesOnScreen/2)] < fileLen) {
                    currLine -= (linesOnScreen/2);
                    redraw = 1;
                } else if (currLine <= (linesOnScreen/2)) {
                    currLine = 0;
                    redraw = 1;
                }
                break;
            case KEY_HOME: home:
                if (currLine != 0) {
                    currLine = 0;
                    redraw = 1;
                }
                break;
            case KEY_END: end:
                if (currLine != lastLine) {
                    currLine = lastLine;
                    redraw = 1;
                }
                break;
            case KEY_E: // e
                cont = 0;
                break;
            case KEY_F2:
                if (screenSize != 80*25) {
                    SetVideo25Lines();
                    SetCursorDisabled();
                    screenSize = 80*25;
                    redraw = 1;
                }
                break;
            case KEY_F5:
                if (screenSize != 80*50) {
                    SetVideo50Lines();
                    SetCursorDisabled();
                    screenSize = 80*50;
                    redraw = 1;
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}
void File83ToPath(char *src, char *path) {
    uint8_t tmp, trailingSpace;
    for (trailingSpace=0, tmp = 0; tmp < 8 && src[tmp]; tmp++) {
        path[tmp] = src[tmp];
        if (src[tmp] == ' ') trailingSpace++;
        else trailingSpace = 0;
    }
    tmp -= trailingSpace;
    path[tmp++] = '.';
    for (int i = 8; i < 11 && src[i]; i++, tmp++) {
        path[tmp] = src[i];
    }
    path[tmp] = 0;
}
void FileSelect() {
    fileCount = 5;
    uint16_t *vga_text = (uint16_t *)0xb8000;
    int32_t fileHovered = 0, lastFileHovered = 0;
    for (char reload = 1;;) {
        // Info line (4)
        printStr("T to run tests - X to view in hex - V to view as text", &vga_text[80*4+2]);
        VOLINFO vi; DIRINFO di;
        if (reload) {
            OpenVol(&vi);
            OpenDir((uint8_t*)"", &vi, &di);
            GetFileList(&vi, &di);
            reload = 0;
        }
        PrintFileList();
        if (lastFileHovered != fileHovered) {
            *(uint8_t*)&vga_text[80*(6+lastFileHovered)+2] = ' ';
            lastFileHovered = fileHovered;
        }
        *(uint8_t*)&vga_text[80*(6+fileHovered)+2] = '>';
        uint16_t key = get_scancode();
        uint8_t path[13];
        switch (key & 0xff) { // scancode component
            case 0x50: // down
                fileHovered++;
                if (fileHovered >= fileCount) fileHovered = 0;
                break;
            case 0x48: // up
                fileHovered--;
                if (fileHovered < 0) fileHovered = fileCount - 1;
                break;
            case 0x14: // t
                RunTests(vga_text);
                DrawScreen();
                reload = 1;
                break;
            case KEY_X:
                File83ToPath((char*)entries[fileHovered].name, (char*)path);
                HexViewTest(path, &vi);
                SetVideo25Lines();
                SetCursorDisabled();
                DrawScreen();
                break;
            case KEY_V:
                File83ToPath((char*)entries[fileHovered].name, (char*)path);
                TextViewTest(path, &vi);
                SetVideo25Lines();
                SetCursorDisabled();
                DrawScreen();
                reload = 1;
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}

void start() {
    word *vga_text = (word *)0xb8000;
    char h[] = "LuciaOS";
    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(h); i++)
        *(char *)&vga_text[i] = h[i];
    vga_text = &vga_text[80];

    uint32_t o;
    asm("mov %%esp, %%eax" : "=a"(o) : :);
    vga_text += printDword(o, vga_text);
    vga_text++;
    asm("mov %%ebp, %%eax" : "=a"(o) : :);
    vga_text += printDword(o, vga_text);
    vga_text++;

    //char c[] = "APIC support: ";
    //char apic;
    //printByte(apic = check_apic(), (short*)&vga_text[80*3 + sizeof(c) - 1]);
    //for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(c); i++)
    //    *(char *)&vga_text[i+(80*3)] = c[i];
    //if (!apic) return;

    char sse_str[] = "SSE support: ";
    vga_text += printStr("SSE: ", vga_text);
    char sse = check_sse();
    if (!sse) {
        *vga_text = 'N';
        return;
    }
    vga_text += printStr("Y ", vga_text);
    enable_sse();

    setup_binary();

    // edit
    setup_interrupts();
    setup_tss();
    init_paging();
    //print_flags();
    vga_text += printStr("CR0:", vga_text);
    vga_text += printDword(get_cr0(), vga_text);
    vga_text++;
    //print_cr3();
    //print_cr4();
    backup_ivtbios();

    vga_text = &((word *)0xb8000)[80];
    vga_text += printStr("Press T for tests, or any key to continue... ", vga_text);
    uint8_t key = get_key();
    if (key == 't' || key == 'T')
        RunTests(vga_text);
    DrawScreen();
    SetVideo25Lines();
    SetCursorDisabled();
    FileSelect();
}